雀悅 - 恢復自由了

GLOSSARY

A
Amalgam:銀汞合金 Material made from mercury and other alloy mixtures used to restore a drilled portion of a tooth.
Anesthesia:麻醉 Medications used to relieve pain.
Anterior teeth:前牙 Front teeth. Also called incisors and cusp ids.
Arch:牙弓 The upper or lower jaw.

B
Baby bottle tooth decay:嬰兒奶瓶蛀牙 Caused by sugary substances in breast milk and some juices, which combine with saliva to form pools inside the baby's mouth.
Bi cuspids: Back teeth used for chewing.
Bitewings: X-rays that help a dentist diagnose cavities between teeth.
Bonding: 粘接Application of tooth-colored resin material to the surface of the teeth.
Bridge: 牙橋A fixed appliance that replaces lost teeth.
Bruxism:磨牙症 Grinding your teeth.

C
Calculus: 結石A sticky substance (also called tartar) that has hardened on teeth.
Complete tooth loose: 牙齒完全脫落 Complete tooth loss (edentulism) is the loss of all natural teeth. It can substantially reduce quality of life, self-image, and daily functioning.
Canal: 牙根The narrow chamber inside the tooth's root.
Cancer:癌症 Therapies, such as radiation to the head and neck or chemotherapy, can cause oral problems, including dry mouth, tooth decay, painful mouth sores, and cracked and peeling lips. Before starting cancer treatments, it is important to see a dentist and take care of any necessary dental work. Your dentist will also show you how to care for your teeth and mouth before, during, and after your cancer treatment to prevent or reduce the oral problems that can occur .
Confidence Interval: The computed interval with a given probability that the true value of the statistic- such as a mean, proportion, or rate-is contained within the interval.
Canines: 犬齒Also called cuspids.
Canker sore: 口腔潰瘍 One that occurs on the delicate tissues inside your mouth. A canker sore is usually light-colored at its base and can have a red exterior border.
Caries: 齲齒 Another term for decay, which causes cavities.
Cold sore: 冷瘡 Usually occurs on the outside of the mouth, usually on or near the nose or lips. A cold sore is contagious because it is caused by the herpes simplex virus, and it is usually painful and filled with fluid.
Composite filling:樹脂補牙 Tooth colored restoration(s) also known as resin fillings.
Composite resin:複合樹脂 A tooth colored resin combined with silica or porcelain and used as a restoration material.
Contouring: The process of reshaping teeth.
Crown: 牙套A artificial cover that is placed on the top of a tooth following restoration.
Cusps: The pointed parts on top of the teeth's chewing surfaces.
Cuspids: Teeth that typically have a protruding edge.

D
Dental Visits: Regular use of the oral health care delivery system leads to better oral health by providing an opportunity for clinical preventive services and early detection of oral diseases. Infrequent users of dental services have more decayed teeth, more severe periodontal diseases, and are more likely to lose all of their teeth.
Dentin: 牙本質 The tooth layer underneath the enamel.
Denture:假牙 A removable set of false teeth.

E
Endodontics: 牙髓病學 A form of dentistry that addresses problems affection the tooth's root or nerve.

F
Fluoride: 氟化物 Fluoride is a natural mineral found throughout the earth's crust and widely distributed in nature. Some foods and water supplies contain fluoride. Fluoride is often added to drinking water to help reduce tooth decay. Fluoride concentrates in the growing bones and developing teeth of children, helping to harden the enamel on baby and adult teeth before they emerge. Fluoride helps to harden tech enamel on adult teeth that have already emerged.
Fluoridation Status: Status of a community water system in regards to water fluoridation level. Most water contains some amount of natural fluoride. Fluoridation involves adjusting fluoride in the water to the level optimal for the prevention of dental caries. The recommended amount of fluoride in water systems is 0.7-1.2ppm (parts per million), which is equivalent to 0.7-1.2mg/L (milligrams per liter).
Naturally Fluoridated Water: 氟化水 Water systems are considered to be naturally fluoridated if they contain naturally occurring fluoride at 0.7 ppm or more.
Non fluoridated無氟化: Water systems are considered to be nonaffiliated if they contain less than 0.7 ppm fluoride.
Fluorosis氟中毒: A harmless over-exposure to fluoride and resulting sometimes in tooth discoloration.

G
Gingival:牙齦 Another work for gum tissue.
Gingivitis:牙齦炎 A minor disease of the gums caused by plaque.
Gum disease:牙齦疾病 An infection of the gum tissues. Also called periodontal disease.

I
Impacted teeth: 阻生牙 A condition in which a tooth fails to erupt or only partially erupts.
Implant:植牙 A permanent appliance used to replace a missing tooth or teeth.
Incisor: 門牙Front teeth in with cutting edges: located in the center or on the sides near the front.
Inlay鑲嵌: An artificial filling made of various materials, including porcelain, resin, or gold.

L
Laminate veneer:貼片 A shell that is bonded to the enamel of a front tooth. The shell is usually thin and made from porcelain resin.
Latex Allergy: 乳膠過敏 Naturally occurring latex has been linked in recent years to allergic reaction in people who use such products as latex gloves. The proteins in the latex, which can also become airbordne, can cause problems in vulnerable people such as breathing problems and contact dermatitis. Some allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock, have been more severe. Many health experts have rightly attributed the dramatic increase of allergic reactions to latex in the health care community ito the increased use of gloves and other personal protection equipment in light of the AIDS epidemic. Latex is a pervasive substance in many household items-from toys and balloons to rubber bands and condoms.
Latex allergies could cause the following symptoms:

• Dry skin
• Hives
• Low blood pressure
• Nausea
• Respiratory problems
• Tingling sensations

People with high-risk factors for latex allergy include those who have undergone multiple surgical operations, have spina bifida, or are persistently exposed to latex products. If you are vulnerable to latex or have allergies related to it, please notify our office and, by all means, seek medical attention from your family physician.

M
Malocclusion: 咬合不正Bad bite relationship with teeth.
Mandible: 下顎The lower jaw.
Maxilla: 上顎The upper jaw.
Molar: 臼齒Usually the largest teeth, near the rear of the mouth. Molars have large chewing surfaces.

N
Neuromuscular Dentistry:神經肌肉牙科 Are more than the aches and pains felt in around the neck and head that are associated with your teeth and jaw.

O
Oral cancer: 口腔癌 (mouth cancer) most often occurs in people over age 40. The disease frequently goes unnoticed in its early, curable stages. This is true in part because many older people, particularly those wearing full dentures, do not visit their dentists often enough and because pain is usually not an early symptom of the disease. People who smoke cigarettes, use other tobacco products, or drink excessive amounts of alcohol are at increased risk for oral cancer.
Onlay: 嵌體 A filling designed to protect the chewing surface of a tooth.
Orthodontics:齒顎矯正 A field of dentistry that deals with tooth and jaw alignment.
Over denture: A non-fixed dental appliance applied to a small number of natural teeth or dental implants. To hold in place.

P
Palate: Roof of the mouth.
Partial denture:部份假牙 A removable appliance that replaces missing teeth.
Pedodontics: 兒童口腔 A field of dentistry that deals with children's teeth
Perio pocket: 牙周袋 An opening formed by receding gums.
Periodontal Diseases: 牙周病Periodontal diseases include gingivitis and periodontitis. Both are inflammatory conditions of the gingival tissues (gum tissues around the teeth). In more server forms, periodontitis includes loss of supporting bone tissue which can lead to tooth loss.
Periodontitis: A dentist who treats diseases of the gums.
Permanent teeth:恆牙 The teeth that erupt after primary teeth. (Baby teeth) Which we also call adult teeth.
Plaque: A sticky, colorless substance that covers the teeth after sleep or periods between brushing.
Posterior teeth:後牙 The bicuspids and molars. Also referred to as the back teeth.
Primary teeth: 乳牙 A person's first set of teeth. Also called baby teeth or temporary teeth.
Private Water Supply: 私人供水Individual water systems, generally wells and springs, serving one or several residences.
Prophylaxis:洗牙 The act of cleaning a person(s) teeth.
Prosthodontics: 口腔修復學 The field of dentistry that deals with artificial dental appliances.
Pulp: The inner tissues of the tooth containing blood, nerves and connective tissue.

R
Receding gum: A condition in which the gums separate from the tooth, allowing bacteria and other substances to attack the tooth's enamel and surrounding bone.
Resin filling: An artificial filling used to restore teeth. Also called composite filling.
Root Canal:樹脂填充 A procedure in which a tooth's nerve is removed and an inner canal cleansed and later filled.
Root Planning: It is a deep cleaning that removes heavy build up of tartar below the gum line.

S
Sealant:密封劑 A synthetic material placed on the tooth's surface. Which protects the enamel and chewing surface of your teeth.

T
Teeth Cleaning:洗牙 A dentist or dental hygienist removes soft debris, stain, and hard deposits (calculus or tartar) on the teeth that cannot be removed by brushing and flossing. Regular teeth cleaning by a dentist or dental hoydenish helps prevent periodontal diseases.
TMJ:顳下頜關節 Temporomandibular joint disorder. Health problems related to the jaw joint just in front of the ear.
Tarter: A hardened substance (also called calculus) that sticks to the tooth's surface.
Tooth Decay (cavities):齲齒 Tooth decay is not just a children's disease: it can happen as long as natural teeth are in the mouth. Tooth decay is caused by bacteria that normally live in the mouth. The bacteria cling to teeth and form a sticky, colorless film called dental plaque. The bacteria in plaque live on sugars and produce decay causing acids that dissolve minerals on tooth surfaces. Tooth decay can also develop on the exposed roots of the teeth if you have gum disease or receding gums (where gums pull away from the teeth, exposing the roots).
Just as with children, fluoride is important for adult teeth. Research has shown that adding fluoride to the water supply is the best and least costly way to prevent tooth decay. In addition, using fluoride tooth pastes and mouth rinses can add protections. Daily fluoride rinses can be bought at most drug stores without a prescription. If you have a problem with cavities, your dentist or dental hygienist may give you a fluoride treatment during the office visit. The dentist may prescribe a fluoride gel or mouth rinse for you to use at home.

V
Veneer:貼片 A laminate applied or bonded to the tooth.

W
Whitening:美白 A process that employs special bleaching agents for restoring the color of teeth.
Wisdom tooth:智齒 Third set of molars that erupt last in adolescence.